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A dye from 1876 became the first fully synthetic medicine, treated malaria before quinine had competition, and now circulates as a mitochondrial supplement. Its evidence is better than most of what it is sold alongside — and its main interaction is serious enough that it has to be understood before anyone takes a drop.
Standard five-gram daily creatine doses saturate muscle tissue but leave little for the brain; higher intakes are required to support cerebral energy metabolism during cognitive strain and sleep loss.
Daily vitamin D3 supplementation normalizes blood levels in Parkinson's patients, but short-term trials show no immediate improvement in motor function or cognitive scores.
The muscle dose has been settled for thirty years. The brain research keeps pointing at a higher one — and at effects that have nothing to do with lifting.